The 7.62 mm caliber is a nominal caliber used for a number of different cartridges. Historically, this class of cartridge was commonly known as .30 caliber, the equivalent in Imperial and United States Customary measures. It is most commonly used in hunting cartridges. The measurement equals 0.30 inches or three decimal lines, written .3″ and read as three-line. The 7.62 mm designation refers to the internal diameter of the barrel at the lands (the raised helical ridges in rifled gun barrels). The actual bullet caliber is often 7.82 mm, although Soviet weapons commonly use a 7.91 mm bullet, as do older British (.303 British) and Japanese (7.7×58mm Arisaka) cartridges.

Pistol cartridges in 7.62 mm caliber

Many pistol cartridges are in this caliber; the most common are:

Revolver cartridges in 7.62 mm caliber

Some of the revolver cartridges in this caliber are:

Rifle cartridges in 7.62 mm caliber

The most common and historical rifle cartridges in this caliber are: