The meridian 42° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Europe, Asia, Africa, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole. The 42nd meridian east forms a great circle with the 138th meridian west.

From Pole to Pole

Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 42nd meridian east passes through: ! scope="col" width="115" | Co-ordinates ! scope="col" | Country, territory or sea ! scope="col" | Notes ! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Arctic Ocean ! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Barents Sea ! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | White Sea ! scope="row" | 🇷🇺 ! scope="row" | Abkhazia or ! scope="row" | ! scope="row" | 🇹🇷 ! scope="row" | 🇸🇾 ! scope="row" | 🇮🇶 ! scope="row" | 🇸🇦 ! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Red Sea ! scope="row" | 🇸🇦 ! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Red Sea ! scope="row" | 🇪🇷 ! scope="row" | 🇪🇹 ! scope="row" | 🇩🇯 ! scope="row" | 🇪🇹 ! scope="row" | 🇸🇴 ! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Indian Ocean ! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Southern Ocean ! scope="row" | Antarctica