The 1872–73 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 4, 1872, and April 7, 1873. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 43rd United States Congress convened on December 1, 1873. They coincided with the re-election of United States President Ulysses S. Grant. The congressional reapportionment based on the 1870 United States census increased the number of House seats to 292. Grant's Republican Party increased its majority greatly, partly at the expense of the opposition Democratic Party and partly by adding 49 new seats to the House. The pro-industry outlook of the Republicans appealed to many Northern voters, especially as the post-war economy exploded, and this allowed the party to flourish as the Industrial Revolution grew more widespread. The Republicans also benefited from a continuing association with victory in the American Civil War, as well as disarray amongst Democratic leadership.

Election summaries

Following the 1870 census, the House was reapportioned, initially adding 40 seats, followed by a subsequent amendment to the apportionment act adding another seat to 9 states, resulting in a total increase of 49 seats. No states lost seats, 10 states had no change, 13 states gained 1 seat each, 9 states gained 2 seats, 3 states gained 3 seats, 1 state gained 4 seats, and 1 state gained 5 seats. Prior to the supplemental act, two states (New Hampshire and Vermont) had each lost 1 seat. This was the first reapportionment after the repeal of the three-fifths compromise by the 14th Amendment. This would prove the last time until 1966 that a Republican won a House seat in Arkansas.

Election dates

In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform nationwide date for choosing Presidential electors. This law did not affect election dates for Congress, which remained within the jurisdiction of State governments, but over time, the States moved their Congressional elections to this date as well. In 1872–73, there were still 9 states with earlier election dates, and 2 states with later election dates:

Special elections

! Connecticut's 1st congressional district William W. Eaton (Democratic) 48.8%

Alabama

! AL's 1st congressional district Benjamin S. Turner (Republican) 36.79% Philip Joseph (Independent Republican) 19.62% ! AL's 2nd congressional district William Calvin Oates (Democratic) 45.54% ! AL's 3rd congressional district William Anderson Handley (Democratic) 49.00% ! AL's 4th congressional district William R. Smith (Democratic) 40.99% ! AL's 5th congressional district Green D. Campbell (Republican) 37.38% ! AL's 6th congressional district Joel T. Parrish (Republican) 33.09% ! rowspan=2 | AL At-large 2 seats on a general ticket ✅ Alexander White (Republican) 26.20% ✅ Charles Christopher Sheats (Republican) 26.17% Alpheus S. Bailey (Democratic) 23.85% John J. Jolly (Democratic) 23.78%

Arkansas

! AR's 1st congressional district ✅ Asa Hodges (Republican) 46.0% ! AR's 2nd congressional district Marcus L. Bell (Democratic) 52.8% ! AR's 3rd congressional district ✅ William W. Wilshire (Republican) 43.4% ! AR At-large J. M. Bradley (Republican) 49.4%

California

A new seat was added, following the 1870 U.S. census, bringing the delegation up from three to four Representatives.

Connecticut

! Connecticut's 1st congressional district Simon B. Kendall (Democratic) 49.4% ! Connecticut's 2nd congressional district James E. English (Democratic) 47.8% Arthur B. Caleff (Prohibition) 2.0% ! Connecticut's 3rd congressional district James A. Bill (Democratic) 41.3% Elisha H. Palmer (Prohibition) 5.3% ! Connecticut's 4th congressional district William T. Minor (Republican) 45.5% William W. Perkins (Prohibition) 1.6%

Delaware

The election was held November 5, 1872. ! DE At-large Eustis Wright (Democratic) 49.2%

Florida

Florida gained a second seat after the 1870 census, but delayed districting until 1874, electing both Representatives at-large for this election.

Georgia

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

In the newly formed LA's at-large congressional district, George A. Sheridan (Liberal Republican) beat P. B. S. Pinchback (Republican), the first black Governor of Louisiana. Pinchback challenged the election and it was settled in February 1875, in Sheridan's favor, only one month before the end of the Congress.

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

! MS's 1st congressional district ✅ Lucius Q. C. Lamar (Democratic) 66.15% R. W. Flournoy (Republican) 33.86% ! MS's 2nd congressional district William A. Alcorn (Democratic) 35.42% Scattering 0.64% ! MS's 3rd congressional district W. S. Bolling (Democratic) 29.59% Scattering 1.27% ! MS's 4th congressional district S. T. Oldham (Unknown) 11.87% [FNU] Harmon (Unknown) 4.18% W. B. Shelby (Unknown) 0.57% ! rowspan=2 | MS's 5th congressional district ✅ George C. McKee (Republican) 64.73% W. B. Shelby (Democratic) 35.27% ! MS's 6th congressional district Hiram Cassidy (Democratic) 35.84%

Missouri

Nebraska

! NE At-large Jesse F. Warner (Democratic) 37.81%

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New York

North Carolina

Ohio

After redistricting and eleven retirements, only four of the nineteen incumbents were re-elected.

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

Tennessee

! TN At-large ✅ Horace Maynard (Republican) 43.95% Benjamin F. Cheatham (Democratic) 35.45% Andrew Johnson (Independent) 20.61% ! TN's 1st congressional district ✅ Roderick R. Butler (Republican) 56.73% William B. Carter (Democratic) 43.27% ! TN's 2nd congressional district ✅ Jacob M. Thornburgh (Republican) 55.70% Alfred Caldwell (Democratic) 30.05% Abraham E. Garrett (Independent) 14.25% ! TN's 3rd congressional district ✅ William Crutchfield (Republican) 52.85% David M. Key (Democratic) 47.16% ! TN's 4th congressional district ✅ John M. Bright (Democratic) 69.81% John P. Steele (Republican) 30.19% ! TN's 5th congressional district ✅ Horace Harrison (Republican) 42.07% Edward I. Golladay (Democratic) 34.10% William B. Brien (Independent) 23.83% ! TN's 6th congressional district ✅ Washington C. Whitthorne (Democratic) 53.89% Theodore H. Gibbs (Republican) 40.74% Jonathan Morris (Independent) 5.37% ! TN's 7th congressional district ✅ John D. C. Atkins (Democratic) 55.63% W. W. Murray (Republican) 37.70% W. E. Travis (Democratic) 6.67% ! TN's 8th congressional district ✅ David A. Nunn (Republican) 37.90% A. W. Campbell (Democratic) 29.83% William P. Caldwell (Democratic) 22.38% T. H. Bell (Democratic) 9.89% ! TN's 9th congressional district ✅ Barbour Lewis (Republican) 56.67% L. C. Haines (Democratic) 43.33%

Texas

Vermont

! Vermont's 1st congressional district Homer W. Heaton (Democratic) 20.4% ! Vermont's 2nd congressional district Benjamin H. Steele (Republican) 17.3% Jerome W. Pierce (Democratic) 15.1% ! Vermont's 3rd congressional district Henry Adams (Democratic) 21.7%

Virginia

! rowspan=2 | VA's 1st congressional district ✅ James Beverley Sener (Republican) 50.9% Elliott M. Braxton (Democratic) 49.1% ! VA's 2nd congressional district ✅ James H. Platt Jr. (Republican) 60.1% Baker R. Lee (Conservative) 39.9% ! VA's 3rd congressional district ✅ J. Ambler Smith (Republican) 51.1% George D. Wise (Democratic) 48.9% ! VA's 4th congressional district ✅ William H. H. Stowell (Republican) 65.6% Philip W. McKinney (Conservative) 34.4% ! VA's 5th congressional district ✅ Alexander Davis (Democratic) 65.6% Christopher Thomas (Conservative) 100% ! VA's 6th congressional district ✅ Thomas Whitehead (Democratic) 51.4% J. Foote Johnson (Independent) 48.6% ! VA's 7th congressional district ✅ John T. Harris (Democratic) 61.8% Charles T. O'Ferrall (Independent) 38.2% ! VA's 8th congressional district ✅ Eppa Hunton (Democratic) 56.2% Edward Daniels (Republican) 43.8% ! VA's 9th congressional district ✅ Rees Bowen (Democratic) 66.1% Robert W. Hughes (Republican) 33.9%

West Virginia

! WV's 1st congressional district Benjamin Wilson (Democratic) 49.22% ! WV's 2nd congressional district Arthur R. Boeteler (Republican) 9.27% W. H. Lanon (Independent) 6.11% J. B. Walker (Independent) 1.89% O. P. Downey (Independent) 0.34% ! WV's 3rd congressional district J. B. Walker (Republican) 19.20%

Wisconsin

Wisconsin elected eight members of congress on Election Day, November 5, 1872. Two seats were newly added in reapportionment after the 1870 census.

Non-voting delegates

[[File:1872 Montana Territory congressional delegate election results.svg|thumb|200px|Montana results by county: {{legend|#3357a2|Maginnis}} {{legend|#8da9e2|50–60%}} {{legend|#678cd7|60–70%}} {{legend|#b00000|Clagett}} {{legend|#ed8883|50–60%}} {{legend|#808080|No Data}} ]]