The 1860–61 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between August 6, 1860, and October 24, 1861, before or after the first session of the 37th United States Congress convened on July 4, 1861. The number of House seats initially increased to 239 when California was apportioned an extra one, but these elections were affected by the outbreak of the American Civil War and resulted in over 56 vacancies. In November 1860, Republican Abraham Lincoln won the Presidency. Though Republicans lost seats, the party won a House majority anyway as seven slave states reacted to Lincoln's election by seceding before the Presidential inauguration. These seceding states formed the Confederacy in February 1861 while withdrawing many Representatives and Senators from Congress, almost all Democrats. As both sides in the impending American Civil War initially mobilized troops, another four slave states seceded by May 1861 in response to Lincoln's policy of using Federal force to defend Federal property and to coerce the seven initially seceding states. The four remaining slave states did not secede, electing and returning Representatives normally. Unionist regions of three seceding states returned ten Representatives: five from western Virginia, three from eastern Tennessee, and two from southern Louisiana. Except for a tiny minority of outspoken Democrats, all Representatives supported the Union. Representatives opposing Democrats but unwilling to identify as Republican, particularly from slave states and including some remaining nativist American Party members, coalesced as the Unionist Party. In coalition with the Unionists, Republicans commanded over a two-thirds House supermajority.

Election summaries

California was apportioned one additional seat for the 37th Congress, increasing the total seats to 239. Representatives from seceding states overwhelmingly were Democrats. Withdrawal of these Representatives boosted Republican House control. Some seceding states held Federal elections, but seceded before the elected Representatives served. Other seceding states held no Federal elections.

Maps

Special elections

There were special elections in 1860–61 during the 36th United States Congress and 37th United States Congress.

36th Congress

! MO's 1st congressional district Francis P. Blair Jr. (Republican) 49.70% Albert Todd (American) 0.02% ! PA's 8th congressional district James McKnight (Republican) 43.81% ! ME's 5th congressional district Joseph D. Brown (Democratic) 14.47% Joseph Chase (Breckinridge Democratic) 14.92% Others Abner Coburn (Unknown) 0.86% Ebenezer Hutchinson (Constitutional Union) 0.57% Samuel Blake (Unknown) 0.32% ! NY's 31st congressional district Linus J. Peck (Democratic) 39.09% James L. Bowen (Breckinridge Democratic) 1.89%

37th Congress

! Ohio's 7th congressional district Aaron Harlan (Democratic) 47.35% ! Ohio's 13th congressional district William McLaughlin (Democratic) 44.15% ! Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district Eleazar Beal (Unknown) 9.2% ! Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district David R. Randall (Independent) 32.18 ! Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district Charles O'Neill (People's) 48.41% ! Iowa's 1st congressional district Jairus Edward Neal (Democratic) 40.94% Scattering 2.40% ! Virginia's 11th congressional district Frost (Unknown) Haywood (Unknown) Incomplete data ! Massachusetts's 5th congressional district George B. Upton (Democratic) 43.86% ! Illinois's 6th congressional district Scattering 2.08%

Impact of the secessionist movement

In the wake of the declared secession of South Carolina from the Union on December 20, 1860, many Southern House members, mostly Democrats, refused to take their seats. Before 1872, different states held elections at various times; the first elections for the 37th Congress were held on August 6, 1860, in Arkansas and Missouri, while the last election took place in California on September 4, 1861, a year later. Three Southern states – Arkansas, Florida, and South Carolina – chose Representatives before the presidential election, electing seven Democrats and two independents. These were the only House elections from the seceding states to the 37th Congress. After South Carolina resolved disunion and the Confederate States of America was formed, other Southern states declared as well and elected Representatives to the new Congress of the Confederate States instead of the United States Congress. Since the states not holding elections had many strong Democratic districts – in the previous 36th Congress their Representatives included a total of 46 Democrats, 14 Oppositionists, five independents, and one member of the American Party – when Congress was called into session on July 4, 1861 (five months earlier than usual at the time) the size of the Democratic House caucus had been drastically reduced, resulting in a huge Republican majority. Of the 183 seats, 102 were held by Republicans, 45 by Democrats, 23 by Unionists, and five others by one party each. There were several vacancies, and California had not held its election when Congress assembled.

End of a Congressional era

In 1860, Lincoln's campaign brought the Republicans the Presidency. Likewise, the congressional elections also marked the transition from one major era of political parties to another. In just six years, over the course of the 35th, 36th–37th Congresses, a complete reversal of party fortunes swamped the Democrats. Elections for Congress were held from August 1860 to June 1861. They were held before, during and after the pre-determined Presidential campaign. And they were held before, during and after the secessionist campaigns in various states as they were reported throughout the country. Political conditions varied hugely from time to time during the course of congressional selection, but they had been shifting to a considerable extent in the years running up to the crisis. In the 1856 elections, the Democrats had taken the Presidency for the sixth time in the last 40 years, with James Buchanan's victory over John C. Fremont and Millard Fillmore. They held almost a two-thirds majority in both the US House and Senate. Democrats held onto the Senate during the midterm elections, but the four opposition parties then amounted to two-thirds of the House. The congressional elections in 1860 transformed Democratic fortunes: Republican and Unionist candidates won a two-thirds majority in both House and Senate. After the secessionist withdrawal, resignation and expulsion, the Democrats would have less than 25% of the House for the 37th Congress, and that minority divided further between pro-unionists (Stephen Douglas), and anti-war (Clement Vallandingham) factions.

Results by region

The politics of these elections were distinctive in every region of the country. The more conventional listing of Members in their state delegations, alphabetically by state, can be found in the 37th Congress article. Each Region below lists the states composing it using Freehling's descriptions from 1860. The Representative's biographies are linked at their names. Each congressional district has a link, named by its state abbreviation and its assigned number or noted At-large election. In a time before the Census Department published aggregate population data by congressional district, the reader may have ready access to census data identifying the makeup of those each district by referring to their respective articles. The articles use different formats. The constituent counties of congressional districts are sometimes listed in a content heading "List of representatives" within tables. These tables have a column naming the District's counties for each election, such as (a) "District Area" for Massachusetts, or (b) "Area" for Illinois and Maryland. Virginia uses "Historical composition of the district" to describe composition at each reapportionment. Pennsylvania notes the home county of the elected representative, sometimes holding the largest population for respective districts. Minnesota makes a geographical allusion for its 1st District applicable to the 37th Congress. Michigan uses "History" since 1852 for its 4th district. In some states, previous district composition is not described.

New England

The twenty-nine seats in the House among these six states are divided 24 Republican, two Union one Constitutional Union, and two Democratic. The region is important nationally in manufacturing and intellectually as the center of literature, Transcendentalism and the abolition movement.

North Central

The 38 Representatives from this region would seat 25 Republicans and thirteen Democrats. This region had the closest commercial and social ties to the South due to its sea-going commerce and trans-shipping cotton to local textile plants and for export.

Border North

The 73 seats in this region were split 50 Republican, 23 Democratic. Illinois is the only state here with more Democrats than Republicans. These are free-soil states, north of the Mason–Dixon line. These states had either abolished slavery, or Congress had forbidden it in their Territory, and they had forbidden it at the beginning of their statehood.

Border South and Middle South

Of the 47 Representatives in these six states, 24 are Union Party, 1 Constitutional Union, 6 Democratic,– would be vacant in Virginia and Tennessee. These were "slaveholding" states, all south of the Mason–Dixon line. The border south states had less than 2% to more than 19% of their 1860 population held as slaves, with an average of 13%; middle south states ranged from 25 to 33% slaves, with an average of 29%. (Deep South 43–57%, except Texas, with 30%.) Eight seats in Virginia and seven seats in Tennessee represented large numbers of citizens resisting the Lincoln administration of the United States government during the Civil War. They were declared vacant in 37th Congress documents.

Trans-Mississippi West

West of the Mississippi, there were 16 Representatives from states, and 9 Delegates from territories. The states elected nine Republicans and one Democrat. The Territories elected four Republicans, one Democrat and two Independents. When California entered the Union, it broke the free soil - slave state tie in the Senate. Minnesota, and Oregon followed as free-soil states. Once Congress was depleted of the secessionist Democrats, the lame-duck 36th Congress admitted Kansas as a free state in January 1861, in time for it to send a Representative to the 37th Congress in March. The Republican Congress elected in 1860 began funding the transcontinental railroad, in July 1862. Nevada was admitted before the end of the Civil War in the next, 38th, Congress.

Vacant state delegations

Alabama — Arkansas — Florida — Georgia — Louisiana — Mississippi — North Carolina — South Carolina — Texas Forty-three seats represented large numbers of citizens in nine states resisting the Lincoln administration of the United States government during the Civil War. The following state delegations were entirely vacated. Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee and Virginia are accounted for in the "Border South and Middle South" section.

Alabama

Alabama did not elect members to the House. ! Alabama's 1st congressional district ! Alabama's 2nd congressional district ! Alabama's 3rd congressional district ! Alabama's 4th congressional district ! Alabama's 5th congressional district ! Alabama's 6th congressional district ! Alabama's 7th congressional district

Arkansas

Arkansas elected its members on August 6, 1860. Elected representatives were unable to take seats as Congress convened after the state had already succeeded. ! Arkansas's 1st congressional district Jesse N. Cypert (Independent) 32.60% ! Arkansas's 2nd congressional district Charles B. Mitchel (Democratic) 42.69% James A. Jones (Independent) 2.92%

California

From statehood to 1864, California's representatives were elected at large, with the top two vote-getters winning the election from 1849 to 1858. In the 1860 census, California gained a seat in the House. California elected its members on September 4, 1861, after the first session of the new Congress began. The top three vote-getters were elected, but only the top two were seated at the beginning of the session. When Congress later authorized California the third seat, Frederick Low was seated June 3, 1862. ! rowspan=3 | California At-large ✅ Aaron A. Sargent (Republican) 15.7% ✅ Frederick Low (Republican) 12.1% Henry Edgerton (Union Democratic) 11% Joseph C. McKibben (Union Democratic) 11% Frank Ganahl (Breckinridge Democratic) 9.8% Henry P. Barber (Breckinridge Democratic) 9.8% D. O. Shattuck (Breckinridge Democratic) 7.5% John R. Gitchell (Union Democratic) 7%

Colorado Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Connecticut

Connecticut elected its members on April 1, 1861, after the new term began but before Congress convened. Data comes from the State of Connecticut Elections Database. Candidates with less than 5 have been grouped into others. Dubin does not mention any other votes beyond the top two candidates but provides the same numbers. Dubin also lists the Republicans as Unionists. Following the party affiliation listed on the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. ! Connecticut's 1st congressional district Alvan P. Hyde (Democratic) 49.6% Others <0.01 ! Connecticut's 2nd congressional district John Woodruff (Republican) 47.7% Others <0.01 ! Connecticut's 3rd congressional district Rufus L. Baker (Democratic) 42.8% Others <0.01 ! Connecticut's 4th congressional district Orris S. Ferry (Republican) 49.8% Others <0.01

Dakota Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Delaware

Delaware elected its member on November 6, 1860 Election Day. ! Delaware At-large Benjamin T. Biggs (Breckinridge Democratic) 46.85% Elias Reed (Douglas Democratic) 4.76%

Florida

Florida elected its member on October 1, 1860. Hilton never took his seat as Congress convened after the state had already succeeded. ! Florida At-large B. F. Allen (Opposition) 40.11%

Georgia

Georgia did not elect members to the House. ! GA's 1st congressional district ! GA's 2nd congressional district ! GA's 3rd congressional district ! GA's 4th congressional district ! GA's 5th congressional district ! GA's 6th congressional district ! GA's 7th congressional district ! GA's 8th congressional district

Illinois

Illinois elected its members on November 6, 1860 Election Day. ! Illinois's 1st congressional district Theodore A. C. Beard (Democratic) 29.41% ! Illinois's 2nd congressional district Augustus N. Herrington (Democratic) 35.47% ! Illinois's 3rd congressional district Robert N. Murray (Democratic) 38.9% ! Illinois's 4th congressional district Robert G. Ingersoll (Democratic) 45.35% ! Illinois's 5th congressional district Benjamin M. Prentiss (Republican) 46.42% ! Illinois's 6th congressional district Henry Case (Republican) 43.38% ! Illinois's 7th congressional district James T. Cunningham (Republican) 45.93% ! Illinois's 8th congressional district Joseph Gillespie (Republican) 44.52% ! Illinois's 9th congressional district David T. Linegar (Independent) 19.85%

Indiana

Indiana elected its members on October 9, 1860. ! Indiana's 1st congressional district Lemuel Q. Debruler (Republican) 44.33% ! Indiana's 2nd congressional district John S. Davis (Republican) 48.72% ! Indiana's 3rd congressional district William Mitchel Daily (Democratic) 45.46% ! Indiana's 4th congressional district James L. Yater (Republican) 48.78% ! Indiana's 5th congressional district William A. Bickle (Democratic) 38.00% ! Indiana's 6th congressional district Robert L. Walpole (Democratic) 47.71% ! Indiana's 7th congressional district Thomas H. Nelson (Republican) 47.28% James A. Scott (Independent) 1.26% ! Indiana's 8th congressional district Samuel C. Wilson (Democratic) 46.33% ! Indiana's 9th congressional district Charles W. Cathcart (Democratic) 44.29% ! Indiana's 10th congressional district Philip M. Henkle (Democratic) 44.38% ! Indiana's 11th congressional district Asbury Steele (Democratic) 45.92%

Iowa

Iowa elected its members on October 9, 1860. ! Iowa's 1st congressional district C. C. Cole (Democratic) 47.12% ! Iowa's 2nd congressional district Ben M. Samuels (Democratic) 42.50%

Kansas

There are no records of an election being held for the 37th Congress. It's mostly likely that Conway served into the 37th Congress without an additional election.

Kentucky

Kansas elected its members on June 20, 1861, after the new term began but before Congress convened. ! Kentucky's 1st congressional district Lawrence S. Trimble (Unionist) 40.92% ! Kentucky's 2nd congressional district John T. Bunch (Southern Rights) 26.6% ! Kentucky's 3rd congressional district Joseph Horace Lewis (Southern Rights) 23.05% ! Kentucky's 4th congressional district Albert G. Talbott (Southern Rights) 19.28% ! Kentucky's 5th congressional district H. E. Read (Southern Rights) 24.86% ! Kentucky's 6th congressional district Alfred Smith (Southern Rights) 1.83% Scattering 0.85 ! Kentucky's 7th congressional district Horatio Washington Bruce (Southern Rights) 20.59% ! Kentucky's 8th congressional district William E. Simms (Southern Rights) 40.82% ! Kentucky's 9th congressional district John L. Williams (Southern Rights) 24.09% ! Kentucky's 10th congressional district Overton P. Hogan (Southern Rights) 29.38% Thomas L. Jones (Independent) (withdrew) 5.43%

Louisiana

Although Louisiana had withdrawn from the Union during the Civil War, elections were held on December 3, 1862, for the two congressional districts in portions of the state under Union control. The seats had been vacant since the end of the 36th Congress; however, Flanders and Hahn were not seated until February 17, 1863, 15 days before the end of their term. ! Louisiana's 1st congressional district John Edward Bouligny (Unionist) 6.27% Scattering 0.64 ! Louisiana's 2nd congressional district Edward Henry Durell (Unionist) 28.49% Jacob Barker (Secessionist) 8.85% W. R. Greathouse (Unknown) 6.98% Scattering 0.98 ! Louisiana's 3rd congressional district ! Louisiana's 4th congressional district

Maine

Maine elected its members on September 10, 1860. ! Maine's 1st congressional district Thomas M. Hayes (Democratic) 46.55% Nathan Webb (Constitutional Union) 0.45% ! Maine's 2nd congressional district Calvin Record (Democratic) 44.32% ! Maine's 3rd congressional district Alfred W. Johnson (Democratic) 47.46% ! Maine's 4th congressional district Benjamin A. Fuller (Democratic) 35.24% George C. Getchell (Unknown) 1.49% Bion Bradbury (Unknown) 0.77% Freeman H. Morse (Unknown) 0.55% Scattering 0.36 ! Maine's 5th congressional district Samuel H. Blake (Democratic) 38.74% Ebenezer Hutchinson (Constitutional Union) 1.04% Scattering 0.47% ! Maine's 6th congressional district Bion Bradbury (Democratic) 44.72% Scattering 1.01%

Maryland

Maryland elected its members on June 13, 1861, after the new term began but before Congress convened. ! Maryland's 1st congressional district Daniel McHenry (States Rights) 42.61% ! Maryland's 2nd congressional district Scattering 1.37% ! Maryland's 3rd congressional district William P. Preston (States Rights) 48.05% ! Maryland's 4th congressional district Henry W. Davis (Unionist) 42.45% ! Maryland's 5th congressional district Scattering 3.82% ! Maryland's 6th congressional district Benjamin G. Harris (States Rights) 49.08%

Massachusetts

Massachusetts elected its members on November 6, 1860 Election Day. ! Massachusetts's 1st congressional district Daniel Fisher (Constitutional Union) 10.47% Moses Bates (Democratic) 8.67% F. E. Sanford (Breckinridge Democratic) 8.34% ! Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district Alexander Long (Democratic; Constitutional Union) 29.85% ! Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district Leverett Saltonstall (Democratic) 41.43% ! Massachusetts's 4th congressional district Erastus B. Bigelow (Democratic; Constitutional Union; Breckinridge Democratic) 47.68% ! Massachusetts's 5th congressional district Anson Burlingame (Republican) 49.18% ! Massachusetts's 6th congressional district Otis P. Lord (Constitutional Union) 16.16% Jefferson Knight (Democratic) 14.39% George B. Loring (Breckinridge Democratic) 4.72% Scattering 1.65% ! Massachusetts's 7th congressional district Charles A. Welch (Democratic; Constitutional Union) 35.79% George Johnson (Breckinridge Democratic) 3.74% ! Massachusetts's 8th congressional district Alpheus R. Brown (Democratic) 16.71% Winthrop E. Faulkner (Constitutional Union) 15.67% James C. Abbott (Breckinridge Democratic) 2.74% ! Massachusetts's 9th congressional district Eli Thayer (Constitutional Union) 44.65% S. W. Stevens (Breckinridge Democratic) 0.61% ! Massachusetts's 10th congressional district Josiah Allis (Democratic) 19.02% Benning Leavitt (Breckenridge Democratic) 5.6% ! Massachusetts's 11th congressional district Norman T. Leonard (Democratic) 28.60% John M. Cole (Breckinridge Democratic) 3.69%

Michigan

Michigan its members on the November 6, 1860 Election Day. ! Michigan's 1st congressional district George V. Lathrop (Democratic) 47.03% John Conely (Unknown) 0.45% ! Michigan's 2nd congressional district Salathiel C. Coffenberry (Democratic) 39.84% ! Michigan's 3rd congressional district Thomas B. Church (Democratic) 40.59% John Bell (Unknown) 0.37% ! Michigan's 4th congressional district Edward Thompson (Democratic) 44.21%

Minnesota

Minnesota elected its members on November 6, 1860 Election Day. ! Minnesota At-large William Windom (Republican) 31.51% John M. Gilman (Democratic) 17.30% James George (Democratic) 17.24% Alonzo Jay Edgerton (Breckinridge Democratic) 1.12% James W. Taylor (Breckinridge Democratic) 1.09% ! Minnesota At-large

Mississippi

Mississippi seceded on January 9, 1861, and did not elect members of the 37th Congress. ! Mississippi's 1st congressional district ! Mississippi's 2nd congressional district ! Mississippi's 3rd congressional district ! Mississippi's 4th congressional district ! Mississippi's 5th congressional district

Missouri

Missouri elected its members on September 10, 1860. ! Missouri's 1st congressional district John R. Barret (Democratic) 38.39% Albert Todd (Constitutional Union) 17.49% ! Missouri's 2nd congressional district John B. Henderson (Democratic) 49.43% ! Missouri's 3rd congressional district M. C. Hawkins (Constitutional Union) 40.47% ! Missouri's 4th congressional district John Scott (Constitutional Union) 37.70% ! Missouri's 5th congressional district F. T. Mitchell (Constitutional Union) 47.18% ! Missouri's 6th congressional district J. S. Rains (Constitutional Union) 40.19% William C. Price (Democratic) 10.89% ! Missouri's 7th congressional district David E. Perryman (Constitutional Union) 26.55%

Nebraska Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Nevada Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

New Hampshire

New Hampshire elected its members on March 12, 1861, after the new term began but before Congress convened. ! New Hampshire's 1st congressional district Daniel Marcy (Democratic) 47.14% ! New Hampshire's 2nd congressional district Samuel N. Bell (Democratic) 47.64% ! New Hampshire's 3rd congressional district William Burns (Democratic) 45.77%

New Jersey

New Jersey its members on the November 6, 1860 Election Day. ! New Jersey's 1st congressional district Joseph F. Learning (Democratic) 49.05% ! New Jersey's 2nd congressional district Augustus Green (Democratic) 47.23% ! New Jersey's 3rd congressional district Alexander Berthoud (Republican) 44.83% ! New Jersey's 4th congressional district Benjamin Edsell (Republican) 47.37% ! New Jersey's 5th congressional district William Pennington (Republican) 49.37%

New Mexico Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

New York

New York its members on the November 6, 1860 Election Day. ! New York's 1st congressional district Luther C. Carter (Republican) 47.22% ! New York's 2nd congressional district James Humphrey (Republican) 44.93% ! New York's 3rd congressional district Amer J. Williamson (Republican) 41.11% John Y. Savage (Ind. Democratic) 6.05% ! New York's 4th congressional district Michael Tuomy (Democratic) 32.02% John Commerford (Republican) 26.68% ! New York's 5th congressional district Nelson Taylor (Democratic) 40.61% John Duffy (Ind. Democratic) 18.39% ! New York's 6th congressional district John Cochrane (Ind. Democratic) 34.16% John W. Chanler (Democratic) 30.74% ! New York's 7th congressional district Augustus F. Dow (Republican) 43.77% ! New York's 8th congressional district Abram Wakeman (Republican) 40.96% ! New York's 9th congressional district Thomas Nelson (Republican) 46.46% ! New York's 10th congressional district Daniel B. St. John (Democratic) 49.55% ! New York's 11th congressional district Peter H. Silvester (Republican) 49.62% ! New York's 12th congressional district Ambrose Wager (Democratic) 46.34% John H. Overheister (Breckinridge Democratic) 1.67% ! New York's 13th congressional district Issac McConihe (Democratic) 48.87% ! New York's 14th congressional district Thomas W. Olcott (Republican) 48.15% ! New York's 15th congressional district Emerson E. Davis (Democratic) 41.24% ! New York's 16th congressional district Augustus C. Hand (Democratic) 41.27% ! New York's 17th congressional district Henry G. Foote (Democratic) 31.61% ! New York's 18th congressional district Simon H. Mix (Republican) 49.12% ! New York's 19th congressional district Lyman J. Walworth (Democratic) 43.03% ! New York's 20th congressional district De Witt C. Grover (Democratic) 41.72% ! New York's 21st congressional district Simon C. Hitchcock (Democratic) 21.94% Judson C. Nelson (Breckinridge Democratic) 15.86% ! New York's 22nd congressional district B. Franklin Chapman (Democratic) 36.27% ! New York's 23rd congressional district James F. Starbuck (Democratic) 38.2% George C. Sherman (Breckinridge Democratic) 1.90% ! New York's 24th congressional district Lake Tefft (Democratic) 32.92% Luther Hay (Breckinridge Democratic) 6.67% ! New York's 25th congressional district William C. Beardsley (Democratic) 35.54% ! New York's 26th congressional district John L. Lewis (Democratic) 41.02% George N. Clark (Independent) 0.72% ! New York's 27th congressional district Harvey A. Dowe (Democratic) 42.80% ! New York's 28th congressional district Charles C. Walker (Democratic) 39.25% ! New York's 29th congressional district Mortimer F. Reynolds (Democratic) 40.59% ! New York's 30th congressional district Martin F. Robinson (Democratic) 32.51% ! New York's 31st congressional district Phineas L. Ely (Democratic) 39.94% Jonathan L. Woods (Breckinridge Democratic) 1.26% ! New York's 32nd congressional district Solomon G. Haven (Democratic) 47.18% ! New York's 33rd congressional district Charles H. Lee (Democratic) 33.21%

North Carolina

North Carolina seceded on May 20, 1861, and did not elect members of the 37th Congress. ! North Carolina's 1st congressional district ! North Carolina's 2nd congressional district ! North Carolina's 3rd congressional district ! North Carolina's 4th congressional district ! North Carolina's 5th congressional district ! North Carolina's 6th congressional district ! North Carolina's 7th congressional district ! North Carolina's 8th congressional district

Ohio

! Ohio's 1st congressional district Oliver M. Spencer (Republican) 42.97% A. E. Jones (Constitutional Union) 8.16% ! Ohio's 2nd congressional district Alexander Long (Democratic) 43.08% John Scott Harrison (Constitutional Union) 8.83% ! Ohio's 3rd congressional district Samuel Craighead (Republican) 49.55% Andrew McClary (Unknown) 0.29% ! Ohio's 4th congressional district James Hart (Republican) 48.27% ! Ohio's 5th congressional district James B. Steedman (Democratic) 47.71% ! Ohio's 6th congressional district David H. Murphy (Republican) 46.77% ! Ohio's 7th congressional district William B. Telfair (Democratic) 20.16% William Stokes (Constitutional Union) 9.89% ! Ohio's 8th congressional district James S. Harrison (Democratic) 41.23% Edward P. Fyffe (Constitutional Union) 1.22% ! Ohio's 9th congressional district John Carey (Republican) 48.88% ! Ohio's 10th congressional district Wells A. Hutchins (Democratic) 48.74% ! Ohio's 11th congressional district Charles D. Martin (Democratic) 48.52% ! Ohio's 12th congressional district Samuel Galloway (Republican) 47.54% Thomas Sparrow (Unknown) 0.77% ! Ohio's 13th congressional district Barnabas Burns (Democratic) 42.84% ! Ohio's 14th congressional district Charles D. Prentiss (Democratic) 42.92% ! Ohio's 15th congressional district William Helmick (Republican) 47.87% ! Ohio's 16th congressional district Hugh J. Jewett (Democratic) 49.81% ! Ohio's 17th congressional district Thomas C. Theaker (Republican) 45.17% M. J. Glover (Constitutional Union) 3.83% ! Ohio's 18th congressional district David A. Starkweather (Democratic) 41.71% ! Ohio's 19th congressional district Andrew J. Williams (Democratic) 30.94% ! Ohio's 20th congressional district David M. Wilson (Democratic) 28.03% ! Ohio's 21st congressional district George Wells (Democratic) 33.71% J. S. Blakely (Unknown) 5.12%

Oregon

Poorly coordinated state legislation created confusion. As a result, two elections were held in 1860: on June 4 (won by George K. Shiel and on November 6 (won by Andrew J. Thayer). Thayer was seated March 4, 1861, but Shiel contested the election. On July 30, 1861, the House Elections Committee seated the Shiel for the rest of the term ending March 3, 1863. Both disputants were Democrats. ! rowspan=2 | Oregon At-large David Logan (Republican) 49.71% George Shiel (Democratic) 3.08% Joseph Showalter Smith (Unknown) 0.47%

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania elected its members on October 9, 1860. ! Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district John M. Butler (Republican) 44.28% Edward King (Constitutional Union) 10.74% ! Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district John Broadhead (Democratic) 40.29% Henry M. Fuller (Constitutional Union) 13.11% ! Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district John Kline (Democratic) 48.95% Henry M. Hamilton (Constitutional Union) 1.97% ! Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district William Morgan (Democratic) 43.42% John B. Robinson (Constitutional Union) 7.3% ! Pennsylvania's 5th congressional district Harry Ingersoll (Democratic) 46.48% James Rittenhouse (Constitutional Union) 5.62% ! Pennsylvania's 6th congressional district John H. Brinton (Democratic) 42.51% Frazier Smith (Anti-Lecompton Dem.) 1.52% ! Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district Henry Clay Longnecker (Republican) 49.67% ! Pennsylvania's 8th congressional district Levi B. Smith (Republican) 41.58% ! Pennsylvania's 9th congressional district Scattering 3.5% ! Pennsylvania's 10th congressional district James Worrell (Democratic) 37.96% ! Pennsylvania's 11th congressional district John Hughes (Democratic) 49.10% ! Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district David R. Randall (Democratic) 48.47% ! Pennsylvania's 13th congressional district David K. Shoemaker (Republican) 42.70% ! Pennsylvania's 14th congressional district Daniel L. Serwood (Democratic) 28.62% ! Pennsylvania's 15th congressional district Robert Fleming (Democratic) 46.24% ! Pennsylvania's 16th congressional district Benjamin F. Junkin (Republican) 49.25% ! Pennsylvania's 17th congressional district William P Schell (Democratic) 48.77% ! Pennsylvania's 18th congressional district Archibald McAllister (Democratic) 42.36% ! Pennsylvania's 19th congressional district Darwin Phelps (Democratic) 45.34% ! Pennsylvania's 20th congressional district Andrew Stewart (Republican) 47.10% ! Pennsylvania's 21st congressional district James Kerr (Democratic) 38.69% ! Pennsylvania's 22nd congressional district Lewis Z. Mitchell (Ind. Democratic) 23.12% George Case (Democratic) 10.62% ! Pennsylvania's 23rd congressional district Samuel Holstein (Democratic) 44.42% ! Pennsylvania's 24th congressional district James K. Kerr (Democratic) 46.42% ! Pennsylvania's 25th congressional district Edwin C. Wilson (Democratic) 34.15%

Rhode Island

Rhode Island elected its members April 3, 1861, after the new term began but before Congress convened.. ! RI's 1st congressional district Christopher Robinson (Republican) 48.75% ! RI's 2nd congressional district William D. Brayton (Republican) 46.48%

South Carolina

South Carolina its members October 8–9, 1860. ! South Carolina's 1st congressional district Charles W. Miller (Unknown) 3.06% ! South Carolina's 2nd congressional district Unopposed ! South Carolina's 3rd congressional district George P. Elliot (Unknown) 26.23% ! South Carolina's 4th congressional district Unopposed ! South Carolina's 5th congressional district Unopposed ! South Carolina's 6th congressional district Unopposed

Tennessee

Tennessee elected its members for both the Confederate and Union Congresses on August 1, 1861, but only in East Tennessee for the Union, after the first session of the new Congress began. In districts 1-3 the contests were between candidates seeking to serve in different governments. Votes for the Confederate and Union Congress were deposited in the same box and counted together. Additionally, during the same election, ballots were cast for some of these individuals as candidates only for the U.S. Congress. These votes were tallied separately. The leading secessionist candidate in each district received his certificate of election to the Confederate Congress. ! rowspan=2 | Tennessee's 1st congressional district ✅ Joseph B. Heiskell (CC) 39.84% (elected to Confederate Congress) ? Caldwell (CC) 4.98% William McFarland (USC) 1.32% William McFarland (USC) 6.67% Frederick Heiskell (USC) 2.67% ! rowspan=2 | Tennessee's 2nd congressional district ✅ James T. Shields (CC) 40.77% (elected to Confederate Congress) ! rowspan=2 | Tennessee's 3rd congressional district ✅ A. B. Welcker (CC) 46.80% (elected to Confederate Congress) Samuel A. Smith (Unknown) 0.45% ! Tennessee's 4th congressional district Unopposed ! Tennessee's 5th congressional district ! Tennessee's 6th congressional district ! Tennessee's 7th congressional district ! Tennessee's 8th congressional district ! Tennessee's 9th congressional district ! Tennessee's 10th congressional district

Texas

Texas seceded on February 1, 1861, and did not elect members of the 37th Congress. ! Texas's 1st congressional district ! Texas's 2nd congressional district

Utah Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Vermont

Vermont its members September 4, 1860. ! Vermont's 1st congressional district Silas Wilcox (Democratic) 24.5% U. M. Robinson (Breckinridge Democratic) 2.1% ! Vermont's 2nd congressional district Charles N. Davenport (Democratic) 19.5% Asa M. Dickey (Breckinridge Democratic) 5.5% ! Vermont's 3rd congressional district Arzo D. Chaffee (Democratic) 22.2% Willis Lyman (Breckinridge Democratic) 4.9% Carlos Baxter (Unknown) 1.1%

Virginia

Virginia elected its members on October 24, 1861. ! VA's 1st congressional district Unopposed ! VA's 2nd congressional district ! VA's 3rd congressional district ! VA's 4th congressional district ! VA's 5th congressional district ! VA's 6th congressional district ! VA's 7th congressional district ✅ Charles H. Upton (Unionist) Unopposed Second election (October 24, 1861) ✅ S. Ferguson Beach (Unionist) 92.62% Charles B. Shirley (Unknown) 7.38% ! VA's 8th congressional district ! VA's 9th congressional district ! VA's 10th congressional district Zedekiah Kidwell (Unknown) 0.31% ! VA's 11th congressional district Albert G. Jenkins (Unknown) 0.72% ! VA's 12th congressional district Data incomplete ! VA's 13th congressional district

Washington Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Wisconsin

Wisconsin its members on Election Day, November 6, 1860. ! Wisconsin's 1st congressional district Jonathan Arnold (Democratic) 45.5% ! Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district James D. Reymert (Democratic) 38.8% ! Wisconsin's 3rd congressional district Charles H. Larrabee (Democratic) 46.0%

Non-voting delegates

All are trans-Mississippi west non-voting delegates in the 37th Congress. ! Colorado Territory At-large ! Dakota Territory At-large ! Nebraska Territory At-large ! Nevada Territory's at-large congressional district ! New Mexico Territory At-large ! Utah Territory's at-large congressional district William Henry Hooper (Democratic) ! Washington Territory At-large Selucius Garfielde (Democratic)