The 110th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, between January 3, 2007, and January 3, 2009, during the last two years of the Presidency of George W. Bush. It was composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The apportionment of seats in the House was based on the 2000 U.S. census. The Democratic Party won a majority in both chambers, giving them full control of Congress for the first time since the 103rd Congress in 1993, which was also the previous time they controlled the House. Officially in the Senate, there were 49 Democrats, 49 Republicans, and two independents, but because both of the independents caucused with the Democrats, this gave the Democrats an operational majority. No Democratic-held seats had fallen to the Republican Party in the 2006 elections. This is the most recent Congress to feature Republican senators from Minnesota (Norm Coleman), New Mexico (Pete Domenici) and Oregon (Gordon Smith), in which Domenici retired and the other two lost re-election at the end of the Congress. Democrat Nancy Pelosi became the first female speaker of the House. The House also received the first Muslim (Keith Ellison) and Buddhist (Hank Johnson and Mazie Hirono) members of Congress.

Major events

Members debated initiatives such as the Democrats' 100-Hour Plan and the Iraq War troop surge of 2007.

Support for the Iraq War

Following President Bush's 2007 State of the Union Address, Congress debated his proposal to create a troop surge to increase security in Iraq. The House of Representatives passed a non-binding measure opposing the surge and then a $124 billion emergency spending measure to fund the war, which included language that dictated troop levels and withdrawal schedules. President Bush, however, vetoed the bill as promised, making this his second veto while in office. Both houses of Congress subsequently passed a bill funding the war without timelines, but with benchmarks for the Iraqi government and money for other spending projects like disaster relief.

Other events

Major legislation

These are partial lists of prominent enacted legislation and pending bills.

Enacted

More information: Public Laws for the 110th Congress and Complete index of Public and Private Laws for 110th Congress at GPO

Proposed, but not enacted

Vetoed

Treaties ratified

Select committees

Hearings

Party summary

Senate

Membership changed with one death and two resignations.

[{{legend|#0000ff|Democratic Party: 49 members.}}{{legend|#ff0000|Republican Party: 49 members.}}{{legend|#808080|Independents: 2 members.|undefined | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Senado///Estados///Unidos///2007///en.svg]

House of Representatives

Membership fluctuated with seven deaths and eight resignations. Democrats achieved a net gain of three seats as a result of their victories in special elections. See Changes in membership, below.

[Membership at the beginning of the 110th Congress:

{{legend|#0000ff|Democratic Party: 233 members.}}{{legend|#ff0000|Republican Party: 202 members.|undefined | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Camara///Representates///Estados///Unidos///es.svg]

Leadership

Senate

Majority (Democratic) leadership

Minority (Republican) leadership

House of Representatives

Majority (Democratic) leadership

Minority (Republican) leadership

Members

Senate

Senators are listed by state, then by class, In this Congress, Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 2008; Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 2010; and Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 2012.

Alabama

Alaska

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

[Senators' party membership by state at the opening of the 110th Congress in January 2007

{{legend|#0044aa|2 Democrats}} {{legend|#660080|1 Democrat and 1 Republican}} {{legend|#aa0000|2 Republicans}} | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/110th///United///States///Congress///Senators.svg]

[Senate Majority Leader

Harry Reid (D) | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Harry///Reid///official///portrait///2009///crop.jpg]

[Senate Minority Leader

Mitch McConnell (R) | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Sen///Mitch///McConnell///official///cropped.jpg]

[Senate Majority Whip

Dick Durbin (D) | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Richard///Durbin///official///photo.jpg]

[Senate Minority Whip, until December 18, 2007

Trent Lott (R) | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Trent///Lott///official///portrait.jpg]

[Senate Minority Whip, from December 18, 2007

Jon Kyl (R) | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Jon///Kyl%2C///official///109th///Congress///photo.jpg]

House of Representatives

Alabama

Alaska

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

Non-voting members

Changes in membership

Senate

There were two resignations and one death.

House of Representatives

Committees

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Caucuses

Employees

Other officers and officials include:

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

House of Representatives

Elections

Membership lists